TEG-ORC combined cycle performance for cascade recovery of various types of waste heat from vessels
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摘要: 傳統的溫差發電（TEG）和有機朗肯循環（ORC）等技術難以兼顧船舶多種性質余熱的不同特點，且利用率較低。本文提出了一種TEG-ORC聯合循環船舶余熱梯級利用系統，研究了ORC底循環蒸發壓力變化對系統輸出功率、熱效率、多級余熱利用量和成本等重要性能的影響。結果表明，TEG-ORC聯合循環實現了發電成本和熱效率的優化，在TEG/ORC底循環比為0.615的工況下，主機煙氣余熱利用率隨ORC蒸發壓力的增加在小區間波動，系統的余熱利用功率、輸出功率和熱效率均隨ORC蒸發壓力的增加而增大，系統單位發電成本隨ORC蒸發壓力的增加而降低。在ORC蒸發壓力達到0.9 MPa時，主機煙氣余熱利用率為62.15%，余熱利用功率為1919.68 W，輸出功率為139.22 W，熱效率為7.25%，單位發電成本為3.09 ￥·(kW·h)–1。
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關鍵詞:
- 船舶能效 /
- 余熱回收 /
- 梯級利用 /
- TEG-ORC聯合循環 /
- 蒸發壓力
Abstract: High energy consumption and low energy efficiency are problems that have plagued vessels in operation for many years. Traditional technologies such as thermoelectric generator (TEG) and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) are difficult to take into account the different characteristics to various waste heat of vessels. Simultaneously, the utilization rate of vessel waste heat is relatively low. To achieve the purpose of various types of waste heat from vessels, this study presents a vessel waste heat cascade utilization device system, which is based on the TEG-ORC combined cycle. The effects of the ORC evaporation pressure on the performance of the system were analyzed, which includes the combined cycle system output power, system thermal efficiency, multi-stage waste heat utilization and power generation cost of the system. The results show that the TEG-ORC combined cycle system improves the waste heat utilization performance and the combined cycle enables the optimization of power generation cost and system thermal efficiency. Based on the condition that the TEG-ORC basic cycle ratio of 0.615, the utilization rate of flue gas waste heat generated by the main engine, fluctuates in a small interval with the increase of ORC evaporation pressure. The waste heat utilization power of each unit, output power and thermal efficiency of the system enhance with the increase in the ORC evaporation pressure. At the same time, the unit power generation cost of the system decreases with the increase in the ORC evaporation pressure. When the ORC evaporation pressure reaches 0.9 MPa, the waste heat utilization rate of the flue gas generated by the main engine is 62.15%, the waste heat utilization power of the system is 1919.68 W, the output power of the system is 139.22 W, the thermal efficiency of the system is 7.25%, and the cost of system unit power generation is 3.09 ￥·(kW·h)–1. -
圖 1 TEG-ORC聯合循環系統理論模型
Figure 1. Theoretical model of the thermoelectric generator and organic Rankine cycle (TEG-ORC) combined cycle
圖 2 基于TEG-ORC聯合循環的船舶余熱梯級利用裝置系統原理圖
Figure 2. Schematic of a ship waste heat cascade utilization system based on the TEG-ORC combined cycle
圖 3 TEG-ORC聯合循環實驗系統（A—電路控制單元；B—模擬煙氣加熱單元；C—缸套水余熱利用單元；D—增壓空氣余熱利用單元；E—蒸發器；F—小型渦旋膨脹機；G—工質罐；H—冷凝器；I—工質泵；J—數據監測和采集單元；K—流量傳感器；L—溫度傳感器；M—壓力傳感器；N—背壓閥；O—滑動變阻器）
Figure 3. TEG-ORC combined cycle experimental system (A—circuit control unit; B—simulated exhaust heating unit; C—cylinder liner water waste heat utilization unit; D—charge air waste heat utilization unit; E—evaporator; F—small scroll expander; G—working fluid tank; H—condenser; I—working fluid pump; J—data monitoring acquisition unit; K—flow sensor; L—temperature sensor; M—pressure sensor; N—back pressure valve; O—slide rheostat)
圖 4 不同工質蒸發壓力下系統的余熱利用功率
Figure 4. System recovery power from waste heat under different working fluid evaporation pressures
圖 5 不同工質蒸發壓力下系統的輸出功率和單位發電成本
Figure 5. Power output and generation cost under different working fluid evaporation pressures
圖 6 不同工質蒸發壓力下系統的單位發電成本和熱效率
Figure 6. Generation cost and thermal efficiency under different working fluid evaporation pressures
圖 7 不同工質蒸發壓力下系統的輸出功率和熱效率
Figure 7. Power output and thermal efficiency under different working fluid evaporation pressures
圖 8 不同工質蒸發壓力下主機煙氣余熱利用量和煙氣溫降
Figure 8. Waste heat recovery quantity and temperature drop of the gas under different working fluid evaporation pressures
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圖 9 不同工質蒸發壓力下主機煙氣余熱利用率和輸出功率
Figure 9. Waste heat recovery rate and power output under different working fluid evaporation pressures
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