Ni55Mn25Ga18Ti2高溫形狀記憶合金的熱循環穩定性

辛燕; 王福星

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.02.26.001

Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂高溫形狀記憶合金的熱循環穩定性

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.02.26.001

辛燕^,,
王福星

華北電力大學能源動力與機械工程學院，北京 102206

基金項目: 中央高校基本科研業務費專項資金資助項目（2018MS019）；國家自然科學基金資助項目（51971092）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: xinyan@ncepu.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TG139.6
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-26
- 網絡出版日期: 2021-04-07
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-25

Thermal cycling stability of Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂ high-temperature shape memory alloy

XIN Yan^,,
WANG Fu-xing

School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: xinyan@ncepu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 選擇雙相韌化的Ni?Mn?Ga?Ti高溫形狀記憶合金為研究對象。制備了淬火態Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂高溫形狀記憶合金，并對其在室溫至480 ℃之間進行高達500次的相變熱循環，獲得了5, 10, 50, 100和500次熱循環態樣品。采用X射線衍射、掃描電鏡、能譜儀、同步熱分析儀及室溫壓縮等實驗方法，研究了淬火態和熱循環態合金樣品的微觀組織、相變行為、力學及記憶性能，進而分析其熱循環穩定性。研究結果表明：經500次循環后，Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂合金相結構和顯微組織未發生明顯變化，均為由非調制四方結構的板條馬氏體相和面心立方富Ni的γ相組成的雙相結構；隨著循環次數增加，馬氏體相變溫度幾乎不變，逆馬氏體相變溫度和相變滯后在循環5次后趨于穩定；抗壓強度及壓縮變形率波動幅度較小；形狀記憶性能下降，但形狀記憶應變仍保持在1.4%以上；Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂高溫形狀記憶合金顯示出良好的熱循環穩定性。
- Ni?Mn?Ga?Ti /
- 高溫形狀記憶合金 /
- 熱循環穩定性 /
- 微觀組織 /
- 馬氏體相變
Abstract: Research on high-temperature shape memory alloys has attracted much attention due to the control requirements of the high-temperature drive (>100 ℃) and the overheating warning in high voltage transmissions, nuclear power, aerospace, automotive, oil exploration, and other engineering fields. High-temperature shape memory alloys refer to those with reverse martensitic transformation starting temperature (A_s) higher than 100 ℃. A wide range of high-temperature shape memory alloys exists, including Ti?Ni?Pd/Pt, Ni?Ti?Hf/Zr, Cu?Al?Ni, Ni?Mn?Ga, Ru-based, β-Ti-based, and Co-based systems. Besides the high transformation temperatures and good mechanical and shape memory properties, the thermal stability of microstructures and properties at high temperatures and after thermal cycling transformations is also an important basis for evaluating the practicability of high-temperature shape memory alloys. Dual-phase Ni?Mn?Ga?Ti high-temperature shape memory alloys were chosen because of their better ductility compared with single-phase Ni?Mn?Ga alloys. In this paper, the as-quenched Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂ high-temperature shape memory alloy was prepared. Specimens are then thermal-cycled at a temperature between the room temperature and 480 ℃ for 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 times. The thermal stability of the microstructure, martensitic transformation temperatures, and mechanical and shape memory properties were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, simultaneous thermal analyzer, and room-temperature compression analysis. Results show that there are no obvious changes in the phase structure and microstructure of the Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂ high-temperature shape memory alloy after 500 thermal cycles. All as-quenched and thermal-cycled specimens show dual-phase structures with non-modulated tetragonal martensite and Ni-rich face-centered-cubic γ phase. With the increase of thermal cycling times, the forward martensitic transformation temperatures are almost kept constant, and the reverse martensitic transformation temperatures and the hysteresis are observed to be steady when the thermal cycles exceed five times. After 500 thermal cycles, the compressive strength and compressive stain slightly change, and the shape memory strain drops but remains over 1.4%. The Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂ high-temperature shape memory alloy shows high thermal cycling stability.
- Ni?Mn?Ga?Ti /
- high-temperature shape memory alloy /
- thermal cycling stability /
- microstructure /
- martensitic transformation

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圖 1 Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂合金經N次循環后X射線衍射圖譜

Figure 1. XRD patterns of the Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂ alloy after thermal cycles N

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圖 2 Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂熱循環不同次數掃描電鏡形貌。（a）熱循環前淬火態；（b）5次；（c）10次；（d）50次；（e）100次；（f）500次

Figure 2. SEM micrographs of Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂ alloys with different thermal cycles: (a) original state; (b) 5; (c) 10; (d) 50; (e) 100; (f) 500

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圖 3 Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂合金經N次熱循環后的差式掃描量熱曲線

Figure 3. DSC curves of Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂ alloy after thermal cycles N

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圖 4 Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂合金N次循環態的壓縮應力?應變曲線

Figure 4. Compressive stress?strain curves of the Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂ alloy after thermal cycles N

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圖 5 Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂合金N次循環態樣品壓縮至8%卸載的應力?應變曲線（虛線代表加熱至A_f溫度以上50 ℃所回復的應變）

Figure 5. Compressive stress?strain curves with 8% total strain of the Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂ alloy after thermal cycles N (Dotted line represents the shape memory strain after heating at 50 ℃ above the A_f temperature)

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表 1 Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂合金經N次循環后馬氏體基體和γ相成分

Table 1. Compositions of the martensite and γ phase of the Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂ alloy after thermal cycles N

Thermal cycles, N	Martensite				γ phase
Thermal cycles, N	Ni	Mn	Ga	Ti	Ni	Mn	Ga	Ti
0	53.7	27.2	17.5	1.6	65.1	12.2	11.4	11.3
5	54.9	26.7	16.6	1.8	68.2	12.0	9.3	10.5
10	55.1	26.5	16.6	1.8	68.7	10.5	9.2	11.6
50	56.3	25.6	16.4	1.7	69.1	10.4	9.1	11.4
100	55.5	25.9	16.8	1.8	69.4	9.7	8.9	12.0
500	53.3	27.8	17.1	1.8	68.8	9.5	9.0	12.7

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表 2 N次循環后Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂合金馬氏體相變特征溫度

Table 2. Martensitic transformation temperatures of the Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂ alloy after thermal cycles N

N	M_s /℃	M_p /℃	M_f /℃	A_s/℃	A_p /℃	A_f /℃	Hysteresis/℃
0	263	251	239	294	327	349	86
5	263	250	239	245	274	297	34
10	267	250	234	253	278	299	32
50	274	251	229	242	278	304	30
100	268	253	228	247	279	301	33
500	265	247	230	246	272	296	31

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表 3 Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂合金N次循環態的抗壓強度和壓縮變形率

Table 3. Compressive fracture strength and strain of the Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂ alloy after thermal cycles N

N	Compressive fracture strength/MPa	Compressive fracture strain/%
0	1054	17.2
5	1377	22.3
10	1326	19.4
50	1265	19.2
100	1328	17.3
500	1526	22.8

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表 4 Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂合金N次循環態壓縮至8%預應變時的形狀記憶性能

Table 4. Shape memory properties of the Ni₅₅Mn₂₅Ga₁₈Ti₂ alloy compressed to 8% pre-strain after thermal cycles N

N	Pre-strain/%	Shape memory strain/%	Recovery ratio/%
0	8	2.2	64.7
5	8	1.6	42.1
10	8	1.4	43.8
50	8	1.4	43.8
100	8	1.6	44.4
500	8	1.6	50.0

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