Research progress on the wind tunnel experiment of a bionic flapping-wing aerial vehicle
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摘要: 仿生撲翼飛行器的設計靈感來源于自然界中的鳥類、昆蟲和蝙蝠的飛行模式，通過機翼的主動運動來產生飛行所需要的升力和推力。仿生撲翼飛行器具有隱蔽性好、機動性強等優點，成為近年來國內外飛行器研究的重點。但是仿生撲翼飛行器研究涉及到低雷諾數、非定常空氣動力學等問題，與常規固定翼飛行器有很大的不同。仿生撲翼飛行器的研究方法一般分三種：氣動計算、風洞實驗和外場試飛。氣動計算方面，非定常氣動設計優化理論與方法目前仍存在不足；外場試飛的方法無法精確測量出飛行器復雜的氣動力，難以對飛行器進行定量分析研究；風洞實驗由于可以模擬飛行時的真實情況，獲得的數據較為真實可靠，且可以定量分析研究，成為目前研究仿生撲翼飛行器非常有效的方法。國內外研究人員利用風洞進行了大量針對仿生撲翼飛行器的實驗研究。在介紹了風洞組成和分類的基礎上，詳細闡述了仿鳥和仿昆蟲撲翼飛行器風洞實驗的研究現狀，最后對仿生撲翼飛行器風洞實驗未來可能的研究方向給出了建議。Abstract: “Flapping wing” is a mechanism observed in the flight of birds, insects, and bats. The lift and thrust for a flight are generated by the active movement of wings. It was first specifically designed by Da Vinci. With good concealment and maneuverability advantages, the bionic flapping wing has become the hotspot in the field of aerial vehicles at home and abroad in recent years. Due to its high degree of bionic appearance and ultra-low flight noise, the bionic flapping-wing aerial vehicle has important applications in the military and civilian fields. Because of a low Reynolds number, unsteady aerodynamics, and other issues, such as flexible deformation of the wing and so on, the study of a bionic flapping-wing aerial vehicle is quite different from that of a conventional fixed-wing aerial vehicle. The three methods used in the study of a flapping-wing aerial vehicle are aerodynamic calculations, wind tunnel experiments, and outside flight tests. In terms of aerodynamic calculation, the theory and method of an unsteady aerodynamic design and optimization are still inadequate at present. The outside flight test cannot accurately measure the complex aerodynamic force of the aerial vehicle and cannot conduct quantitative analysis as well as research on the aerial vehicle. As the wind tunnel experiment can simulate a real flight, the data obtained is more reliable, can be analyzed, and studied quantitatively. Therefore, the wind tunnel experiment has become an effective method to study a flapping-wing aerial vehicle. Researchers at home and abroad have conducted several experimental studies on a bionic flapping-wing aerial vehicle using a wind tunnel. This paper first introduced the composition and classification of a wind tunnel and then introduced the research status of the wind tunnel experiment, covering the bird-like and insect-like flapping-wing aerial vehicles in detail. Finally, this paper provided suggestions on the possible research directions to the wind tunnel experiment of the bionic flapping-wing aerial vehicle, such as research on how the multi-wing and the feather structure of the wings affect the performance of the bionic flapping-wing aerial vehicle.
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圖 2 北京科技大學微型飛行器專用風洞
Figure 2. Special wind tunnel for a microair vehicle of University of Science and Technology Beijing
圖 3 歐姆龍VTE?18?4N4212 漫反射光電開關
Figure 3. OMRON VTE?18?4N4212 diffuse reflection photoelectric switch
圖 11 仿生撲翼飛行器翼肋及機翼形狀平面圖。（a） 翼肋結構；（b）機翼形狀平面圖
Figure 11. Plan view of wing rib and wing shape of bionic flapping-wing aerial vehicle: (a) structure of the wing rib; (b) schematic of the planform view of the wing shape
圖 16 具有上彎和前凸特征的海鷗翅膀
Figure 16. Wings of a seagull characterized by upper bending and anterior protrusion
中文字幕在线观看表 1 熊超團隊和昂海松團隊實驗結果展示
Table 1. Experimental results of Xiong C’s team and Ang H S’s team
Team Variable Change of the angle of attack Change of flapping frequency Change of wind speed Xiong C Lift Increase Basically constant Increase Thrust Decrease Increase Decrease Ang H S Lift Increase Increase Increase Thrust Basically constant Increase Decrease 
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參考文獻
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