Abstract: With the hot blast stove in Shougang Qianan No.2 blast furnace as an object of study, the vault temperature and combustion efficiency under different operating conditions were solved by a numerical simulation method. Two mathematical models were constructed for the relations of vault temperature and combustion efficiency to air preheat temperature, gas flow, air-fuel ratio and gas composition. Considered the combustion efficiency of the hot blast stove as an optimization objective, the best operation mode for the hot blast stove could be obtained under the constraint condition of vault temperature by the mathematical models.