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摘要: 鋼液真空循環脫氣法（RH）精煉能夠利用高真空和鋼液循環流動有效脫氣和去除夾雜物。同時，煉鋼環境下 CO2可與鋼液中[C]反應生成CO提高攪拌強度。因此，本文提出將CO2作為RH提升氣進行真空精煉。針對CO2在RH精煉過程的冶金反應行為特性，通過熱力學理論分析了極限真空條件下CO2脫碳的有利條件及限度，同時搭建了CO2作RH提升氣工業試驗平臺，通過工業試驗對比研究了CO2/Ar分別作提升氣時對鋼液精煉過程的影響。結果表明，若單純考慮CO2與碳反應，則當鋼液中[C]低于1.8×10?6，CO2仍然具有氧化碳元素的能力。然而，CO2對鋼液中碳鋁元素存在選擇性氧化，當鋁含量低于一定程度時，CO2主要參與脫碳反應；反之，CO2則會造成一定鋁損，因此若采用新工藝需考慮鋁合金加入時機以及加入量。此外，CO2用作RH提升氣可獲得與Ar效果相當甚至更優的脫氫效果，噴吹同等量CO2并未造成鋼液的大幅溫降，因此CO2完全有潛力作為RH提升氣，進而完成精煉。Abstract: Developing new technologies that can utilize CO2 as a resource or reduce CO2 emission is an urgent need in the iron and steel industry. The Ruhrstahl-Heraeus (RH) refining process can effectively remove gas and inclusions from molten steel by applying a high vacuum and intense circulation flow of the molten steel. Meanwhile, at the steelmaking temperature, CO2 can react with carbon in the molten steel to generate CO bubbles, and this enhances the molten bath stirring strength. Therefore, a technology involving the use of CO2 as the lifting gas in RH refining was proposed. To study the applicability of CO2 in RH refining, the favorable conditions and limits of CO2 decarburization under vacuum conditions were analyzed through thermodynamics. Meanwhile, an industrial test platform for CO2 as RH lifting gas was set up, and the effects of CO2/Ar as lifting gas on the refining process of molten steel were comparatively studied through industrial tests. The results show that if only the reaction between CO2 and carbon is considered, CO2 can still oxidize carbon elements when the carbon content is less than 1.8×10?6. However, CO2 selectively oxidizes carbon and aluminum in molten steel. When the aluminum content is below a certain level, CO2 mainly participates in a decarburization reaction; otherwise, CO2 will cause certain aluminum loss. Therefore, if the new process is adopted, the timing and amount of aluminum alloy addition should be considered. In addition, CO2 can be used as RH lifting gas to obtain a dehydrogenation effect equivalent to or even better than that of Ar. Meanwhile, injecting the same amount of CO2 did not cause a large temperature drop of molten steel; therefore, CO2 has the potential to be used as RH lifting gas to complete refining.
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Key words:
- carbon dioxide /
- RH refining /
- decarburization reaction /
- dehydrogenation effect /
- temperature drop
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圖 2 鋼液平衡碳含量與CO分壓的關系曲線
Figure 2. Changes of carbon content at equilibrium as function of the partial pressure of CO in bubbles
表 1 鋼液進站成分（質量分數）
Table 1. Steel composition of ladle pulling in RH
% 鋼種 C Al O Si Mn P S Ni Cr A 0.1280 0.0428 0.0040 0.2020 1.4314 0.0138 0.0041 0.0282 0.0400 B 0.1310 0.0210 0.0050 0.2436 1.2955 0.0147 0.0053 0.0186 0.0310 
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中文字幕在线观看表 2 氣體控制策略及試驗方案
Table 2. Gas control strategy and test schemes
方案 鋼種 提升氣 流量（標態）/
（m3·h?1）處理時間/
min真空度/
Pa爐數 1 A Ar 100 18 67 10 2 A CO2 100 18 67 10 3 B CO2 100 18 67 10
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