-
摘要: 聚酰亞胺（polyimide，PI）由于具有較好的力學性能、優異的耐化學性、良好的介電性能和高溫穩定性，被認為是一種應用前景廣泛的高溫工程聚合物。聚酰亞胺的各類制品如薄膜、涂料、膠黏劑、光電材料、先進復合材料、微電子器件、分離膜以及光刻膠等已經被廣泛應用于電子信息、防火防彈、航空航天、氣液分離以及光電液晶等領域。聚酰亞胺氣凝膠（PIA）是由聚合物分子鏈構成的相互交聯的三維多孔材料，結合了聚酰亞胺和氣凝膠的優異性能，使其不但具有聚酰亞胺的優異特性，而且具有氣凝膠的輕質超低密度、高比表面積、低導熱系數以及低介電常數等突出特點，因此聚酰亞胺氣凝膠材料迅速發展成為性能優異的有機氣凝膠之一，并且在航空航天、電子通訊、隔熱阻燃、隔音吸聲以及吸附清潔等領域展示出廣闊的應用前景。鑒于該材料的這些特質，本文對聚酰亞胺氣凝膠的制備方法、影響因素（溶劑效應、單體結構和固含量）以及應用進行了論述，并對聚酰亞胺氣凝膠材料的未來發展進行了展望。Abstract: Polyimide (PI) is a polymer with the imide ring on the major chain. Due to the stable structure of the rigid aromatic ring and conjugation effect of the aromatic heterocyclic ring of the imide ring, its bond energy of the main chain and intermolecular interaction are strengthened. Therefore, it has good mechanical properties, excellent chemical resistance, good dielectric properties and high temperature stability, with applicability as a high temperature engineering polymer with broad application potential. PI products, such as films, coatings, adhesives, photoelectric materials, advanced composite materials, microelectronic devices, separation films and photoresist, have been widely used in electronic information, fire and bulletproofing, aerospace, gas?liquid separation, photoelectric liquid crystals and other fields. Polyimide aerogels (PIA) are cross-linked, three dimensional porous materials made up of polymer molecular chains, combining the excellent properties of PI and aerogels, such as lightweight, low density, high specific surface area, low coefficient of thermal conductivity and a low dielectric constant. Therefore, PIA are being rapidly investigated as an excellent organic aerogel for broad application in aerospace, electronic communications, heat insulations, flame retardants, sound absorption, adsorption cleaning and other fields. Since National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and other scientific research institutions have developed flexible PIA materials and successfully used them in military and civilian applications, sophisticated weapons, Mars exploration and other application fields, their application research and development has been expanded. Given the characteristics of the PIA materials and the need to improve the preparation process and properties, the preparation method, influencing factors (solvent effect, monomer structure and solid content), application and future development are discussed in this paper.
-
Key words:
- polyimide (PI) /
- aerogel /
- preparation /
- influencing factors /
- application
-
圖 1 聚酰亞胺氣凝膠的合成流程圖（a）和化學反應（b）
Figure 1. Schematic diagram for the synthesis (a) and chemical reactions (b) of the PI aerogel
中文字幕在线观看
圖 3 以酸酐和異氰酸酯為原料一步合成聚酰亞胺氣凝膠的化學反應
Figure 3. Chemical reactions of PIA synthesized from anhydride and isocyanate in one step
-
參考文獻
[1] Kistler S S. Coherent expanded aerogels and jellies. Nature, 1931, 127(3211): 741 [2] Pierre A C, Pajonk G M. Chemistry of aerogels and their applications. Chem Rev, 2002, 102(11): 4243 doi: 10.1021/cr0101306 [3] Salimian S, Zadhoush A, Naeimirad M, et al. A review on aerogel: 3D nanoporous structured fillers in polymer-based nanocomposites. Polym Compos, 2018, 39(10): 3383 doi: 10.1002/pc.24412 [4] Schaefer D W, Keefer K D. Structure of random porous materials: silica aerogel. Phys Rev Lett, 1986, 56(20): 2199 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.2199 [5] Hench L L, West J K. The sol-gel process. Chem Rev, 1990, 90(1): 33 doi: 10.1021/cr00099a003 [6] Brinker C J, Scherer G W. Sol-Gel Science: the Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing. Academic Press, 2013 [7] Wang B H, Yu C Y, Wang X Z. New technology of supercritical drying of nano-porous materials. Chem Eng China, 2005, 33(2): 13 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9954.2005.02.004王寶和, 于才淵, 王喜忠. 納米多孔材料的超臨界干燥新技術. 化學工程, 2005, 33(2):13 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9954.2005.02.004 [8] Zhang Z, Wang X D, Wu Y, et al. Aerogels and their applications-A short review. J Chin Ceram Soc, 2018, 46(10): 1426張澤, 王曉棟, 吳宇, 等. 氣凝膠材料及其應用. 硅酸鹽學報, 2018, 46(10):1426 [9] Thapliyal P C, Singh K. Aerogels as promising thermal insulating materials: an overview. J Mater, 2014, 2014: 127049 [10] Ziegler C, Wolf A, Liu W, et al. Modern inorganic aerogels. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2017, 56(43): 13200 doi: 10.1002/anie.201611552 [11] Sayevich V, Cai B, Benad A, et al. 3D assembly of all-inorganic colloidal nanocrystals into gels and aerogels. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2016, 55(21): 6334 doi: 10.1002/anie.201600094 [12] Tan C, Fung B M, Newman J K, et al. Organic aerogels with very high impact strength. Adv Mater, 2001, 13(9): 644 doi: 10.1002/1521-4095(200105)13:9<644::AID-ADMA644>3.0.CO;2-# [13] Zhu C Z, Shi Q R, Fu S F, et al. Efficient synthesis of MCu (M= Pd, Pt, and Au) aerogels with accelerated gelation kinetics and their high electrocatalytic activity. Adv Mater, 2016, 28(39): 8779 doi: 10.1002/adma.201602546 [14] Zu G Q, Shen J, Wang W Q, et al. Silica-titania composite aerogel photocatalysts by chemical liquid deposition of titania onto nanoporous silica scaffolds. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2015, 7(9): 5400 doi: 10.1021/am5089132 [15] Subrahmanyam K S, Sarma D, Malliakas C D, et al. Chalcogenide aerogels as sorbents for radioactive iodine. Chem Mater, 2015, 27(7): 2619 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b00413 [16] Shi M J, Tang C G, Yang X D, et al. Superhydrophobic silica aerogels reinforced with polyacrylonitrile fibers for adsorbing oil from water and oil mixtures. RSC Adv, 2017, 7(7): 4039 doi: 10.1039/C6RA26831E [17] Akimov Y K. Fields of application of aerogels. Instrum Exp Tech, 2003, 46(3): 287 doi: 10.1023/A:1024401803057 [18] Pekala R W. Organic aerogels from the polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde. J Mater Sci, 1989, 24(9): 3221 doi: 10.1007/BF01139044 [19] Alshrah M, Mark L H, Zhao C X, et al. Nanostructure to thermal property relationship of resorcinol formaldehyde aerogels using the fractal technique. Nanoscale, 2018, 10(22): 10564 doi: 10.1039/C8NR01375F [20] Bhuiyan M A R, Wang L J, Shaid A, et al. Polyurethane-aerogel incorporated coating on cotton fabric for chemical protection. Prog Org Coat, 2019, 131: 100 doi: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.01.041 [21] Cz?onka S, Bertino M F, Ko?ny J, et al. Freeze-drying method as a new approach to the synthesis of polyurea aerogels from isocyanate and water. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol, 2018, 87(3): 685 doi: 10.1007/s10971-018-4769-9 [22] Wang X, Zhang H, Jana S C. Sulfonated syndiotactic polystyrene aerogels: properties and applications. J Mater Chem A, 2013, 1(44): 13989 doi: 10.1039/c3ta13099a [23] Erlandsson J, Pettersson T, Ingverud T, et al. On the mechanism behind freezing-induced chemical crosslinking in ice-templated cellulose nanofibril aerogels. J Mater Chem A, 2018, 6(40): 19371 doi: 10.1039/C8TA06319B [24] Marin M A, Mallepally R R, McHugh M A. Silk fibroin aerogels for drug delivery applications. J Supercrit Fluids, 2014, 91: 84 doi: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.04.014 [25] Chen Y, Shao G F, Wu X D, et al. Advances in polymer aerogels. Mater Rev, 2016, 30(7): 55陳穎, 邵高峰, 吳曉棟, 等. 聚合物氣凝膠研究進展. 材料導報, 2016, 30(7):55 [26] Pei X L, Ji P, Zheng W G, et al. Progress in preparation of high-performance polyimide aerogels. Polym Bulletin, 2016(9): 262裴學良, 季鵬, 鄭文革, 等. 高性能聚酰亞胺氣凝膠的制備進展. 高分子通報, 2016(9):262 [27] Ma R, Baldwin A F, Wang C C, et al. Rationally designed polyimides for high-energy density capacitor applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2014, 6(13): 10445 doi: 10.1021/am502002v [28] Sroog C E. Polyimides. Prog Polym Sci, 1991, 16(4): 561 doi: 10.1016/0079-6700(91)90010-I [29] Kurosawa T, Higashihara T, Ueda M. Polyimide memory: a pithy guideline for future applications. Polym Chem, 2013, 4(1): 16 doi: 10.1039/C2PY20632C [30] Qian Z C, Wang Z, Chen Y, et al. Superelastic and ultralight polyimide aerogels as thermal insulators and particulate air filters. J Mater Chem A, 2018, 6(3): 828 doi: 10.1039/C7TA09054D [31] Landis A L, Naselow A B. Method of Preparing High Molecular Weight Polyimide, Product and Use: U.S. Patent 4645824. 1987-2-24 [32] Meador M A B, Malow E J, Silva R, et al. Mechanically strong, flexible polyimide aerogels cross-linked with aromatic triamine. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2012, 4(2): 536 doi: 10.1021/am2014635 [33] Guo H Q, Meador M A B, McCorkle L, et al. Tailoring properties of cross-linked polyimide aerogels for better moisture resistance, flexibility, and strength. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2012, 4(10): 5422 doi: 10.1021/am301347a [34] Williams J C, Meador M A B, McCorkle L, et al. Synthesis and properties of step-growth polyamide aerogels cross-linked with triacid chlorides. Chem Mater, 2014, 26(14): 4163 doi: 10.1021/cm5012313 [35] Kawagishi K, Saito H, Furukawa H, et al. Superior nanoporous polyimides via supercritical CO2 drying of jungle-gym-type polyimide gels. Macromol Rapid Commun, 2007, 28(1): 96 doi: 10.1002/marc.200600587 [36] Li B Y, Jiang S J, Yu S W, et al. Co-polyimide aerogel using aromatic monomers and aliphatic monomers as mixing diamines. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol, 2018, 88(2): 386 doi: 10.1007/s10971-018-4800-1 [37] Zhu Z X, Yao H J, Dong J X, et al. High-mechanical-strength polyimide aerogels crosslinked with 4,4′-oxydianiline-functionalized carbon nanotubes. Carbon, 2019, 144: 24 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.11.057 [38] Nguyen B N, Cudjoe E, Douglas A, et al. Polyimide cellulose nanocrystal composite aerogels. Macromolecules, 2016, 49(5): 1692 doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01573 [39] Zuo L Z, Fan W, Zhang Y F, et al. Graphene/montmorillonite hybrid synergistically reinforced polyimide composite aerogels with enhanced flame-retardant performance. Compos Sci Technol, 2017, 139: 57 doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.12.008 [40] Zhao X F, Zhang J, Wang X Q, et al. Polyimide aerogels crosslinked with MWCNT for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity. Appl Surf Sci, 2019, 478: 266 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.01.209 [41] Chidambareswarapattar C, Larimore Z, Sotiriou-Leventis C, et al. One-step room-temperature synthesis of fibrous polyimide aerogels from anhydrides and isocyanates and conversion to isomorphic carbons. J Mater Chem, 2010, 20(43): 9666 doi: 10.1039/c0jm01844a [42] Leventis N, Chandrasekaran N, Sadekar A G, et al. One-pot synthesis of interpenetrating inorganic/organic networks of CuO/resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels: nanostructured energetic materials. J Am Chem Soc, 2009, 131(13): 4576 doi: 10.1021/ja809746t [43] Xie W, Pan W P, Chuang K. Thermal degradation study of polymerization of monomeric reactants (PMR) polyimides. J Therm Anal Calorim, 2001, 64(2): 477 doi: 10.1023/A:1011566127251 [44] Leventis N, Sotiriou-Leventis C, Mohite D P, et al. Polyimide aerogels by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Chem Mater, 2011, 23(8): 2250 doi: 10.1021/cm200323e [45] Teo N, Jana S C. Solvent effects on tuning pore structures in polyimide aerogels. Langmuir, 2018, 34(29): 8581 doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01513 [46] Wu S, Du A, Huang S M, et al. Effects of monomer rigidity on the microstructures and properties of polyimide aerogels cross-linked with low cost aminosilane. RSC Adv, 2016, 6(27): 22868 doi: 10.1039/C5RA28152K [47] Viggiano R P, Williams J C, Schiraldi D A, et al. Effect of bulky substituents in the polymer backbone on the properties of polyimide aerogels. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017, 9(9): 8287 doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b15440 [48] Wu W, Wang K, Zhan M S. Preparation and performance of polyimide-reinforced clay aerogel composites. Ind Eng Chem Res, 2012, 51(39): 12821 doi: 10.1021/ie301622s [49] Nguyen B N, Meador M A B, Scheiman D, et al. Polyimide aerogels using triisocyanate as cross-linker. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017, 9(32): 27313 doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b07821 [50] Wu T T, Dong J, Gan F, et al. Low dielectric constant and moisture-resistant polyimide aerogels containing trifluoromethyl pendent groups. Appl Surf Sci, 2018, 440: 595 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.132 [51] Shen D X, Liu J G, Yang H X, et al. Intrinsically highly hydrophobic semi-alicyclic fluorinated polyimide aerogel with ultralow dielectric constants. Chem Lett, 2013, 42(10): 1230 doi: 10.1246/cl.130623 [52] Wu P, Zhang B, Yu Z, et al. Anisotropic polyimide aerogels fabricated by directional freezing. J Appl Polym Sci, 2019, 136(11): 47179 doi: 10.1002/app.47179 [53] Wu Y W, Zhang W C, Yang R J. Ultralight and low thermal conductivity polyimide-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes aerogels. Macromol Mater Eng, 2018, 303(2): 1700403 doi: 10.1002/mame.201700403 [54] Meador M A B, Agnello M, McCorkle L, et al. Moisture-resistant polyimide aerogels containing propylene oxide links in the backbone. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8(42): 29073 doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b10248 [55] Xu L, Ma Y Y, Xie J W, et al. Sandwich-type porous polyimide film with improved dielectric, water resistance and mechanical properties. J Mater Sci, 2019, 54(7): 5952 doi: 10.1007/s10853-018-03248-z [56] Ren R P, Wang Z, Ren J, et al. Highly compressible polyimide/graphene aerogel for efficient oil/water separation. J Mater Sci, 2019, 54(7): 5918 doi: 10.1007/s10853-018-03238-1 [57] Zhang L, Wu J T, Zhang X M, et al. Multifunctional, marvelous polyimide aerogels as highly efficient and recyclable sorbents. RSC Adv, 2015, 5(17): 12592 doi: 10.1039/C4RA15115A [58] Yan P, Zhou B, Du A. Synthesis of polyimide cross-linked silica aerogels with good acoustic performance. RSC Adv, 2014, 4(102): 58252 doi: 10.1039/C4RA08846H -
下載:
點擊查看大圖
圖(5)
計量
- 文章訪問數: 2637
- HTML全文瀏覽量: 2201
- PDF下載量: 217
- 被引次數: 0
