V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/MXene納米復合材料制備及儲能性能

黃瑩瑩; 李庚輝; 趙博; 路金林; 亢淑梅; 陳書文

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.11.07.002

V₂O₅/MXene納米復合材料制備及儲能性能

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.11.07.002

遼寧科技大學材料與冶金學院，鞍山 114051

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目(51774177)

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E-mail：783636211@qq.com

中圖分類號: TM53.0
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-07
- 刊出日期: 2020-09-11

Preparation and energy storage properties of V₂O₅/MXene nanocomposites

School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China

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Corresponding author: E-mail: 783636211@qq.com

摘要

摘要: 利用氫氟酸（HF）刻蝕MAX（Ti₃AlC₂）相獲得一種新型二維層狀材料MXene（Ti₃C₂T_x），利用液相插層法擴大MXene材料層間距，然后在MXene表面分別負載納米片狀（NSV）和納米帶狀（NBV）的五氧化二釩（V₂O₅）。利用X射線衍射（XRD）、比表面積測試分析（BET）和高分辨場發射掃描電鏡（FESEM）等手段對復合材料進行了結構表征。結果表明：MXene層間距增加；且兩種形貌的五氧化二釩均勻的負載在MXene表面。這兩種納米復合材料的比表面積比MXene高，意味著它們可以為電化學反應提供更多的活性位點。利用多種電化學技術對V₂O₅，MXene和不同V₂O₅/MXene納米復合材料在1.0 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄和1.0 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃電解液中進行了電化學性能測試。結果表明：當電流密度為1 A·g^?1時，在1.0 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄電解液中MXene，V₂O₅，NSV/MXene和NBV/MXene的比電容分別為8.1，15.7，96.8和88.5 F·g^?1；在1.0 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃電解液中NSV/MXene和NBV/MXene的比電容分別為64.6，46.7，180.0和114.0 F·g^?1。表明所制備的NSV/MXene納米復合材料是一種有研究和開發潛力的超級電容器電極材料。
- MXene /
- 五氧化二釩 /
- 納米復合材料 /
- 電極材料 /
- 超級電容器
Abstract: Supercapacitors are usually used in new energy storage devices, communication technology, military, and aerospace fields due to their long lifecycle and high power density. Presently, it is imperative to find the electrode materials with low cost and excellent capacity. MXenes have received increasing attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties. They not only have superior electrical conductivity but also contain abundant surface groups (?OH, ?F or ?O); therefore, they are regarded as versatile 2D materials. MXenes can generate higher volumetric capacitance than that of graphene. However, MXene nanosheets are inclined to stack together, limiting the electrochemical properties of supercapacitors. In this work, an MXene (Ti₃C₂T_x) was obtained by etching an MAX (Ti₃AlC₂) phase using HF. To expand the interlayer spacing of Ti₃C₂T_x, the liquid-phase intercalation method was adopted. After the interlayer spacing was expanded, V₂O₅ nanosheet (NSV) and V₂O₅ nanobelt (NBV) were loaded on the MXene surface by a facile hydrothermal process. Their structure and morphology were characterized using different techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the interlayer spacing of MXene is increased after liquid-phase intercalation, and NSV and NBV are uniformly loaded on the MXene surface. Moreover, the specific surface areas of the NSV/MXene and NSV/MXene nanocomposites are higher than that of the MXene; therefore, the nanocomposites can provide more active sites for electrochemical reactions. The electrochemical performances of the nanocomposites were investigated in 1.0 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄ and 1.0 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃ aqueous solutions. The specific capacitances of V₂O₅, MXene, NSV/MXene, and NBV/MXene are 8.1, 15.7, 96.8, and 88.5 F·g^?1 in 1.0 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄, respectively. When they are tested in 1.0 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃, their specific capacitances are 64.6, 46.7, 180.0, and 114.0 F·g^?1, respectively. Therefore, the NSV/MXene nanocomposite is a potential electrode material for supercapacitors.
- MXene /
- vanadium pentoxide /
- nanocomposites /
- electrode materials /
- supercapacitors

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圖 1 NBV/MXene和NSV/MXene的制備過程

Figure 1. Fabrication procedure for NBV/MXene and NSV/MXene

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圖 2 試樣的X射線衍射圖譜（a）和氮氣吸附?脫附等溫曲線（b）（插圖為內部孔徑尺寸分布曲線）

Figure 2. XRD patterns (a) and N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms (b) of the different samples (inset showing the plots of pore size distribution)

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圖 3 試樣的傅里葉紅外光譜圖（a），拉曼光譜曲線（b）和能量散布分析光譜（c）

Figure 3. FTIR (a), Raman spectra (b), and EDS spectra (c) of samples

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圖 4 試樣的場發射掃描電子顯微鏡照片。（a）MXene；（b）NBV/MXene；（c）NSV/MXene

Figure 4. FESEM images of samples: (a) MXene; (b) NBV/MXene; (c) NSV/MXene

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圖 5 試樣的X射線光電子能譜。（a）試樣的X射線光電子能總譜；（b~d） 3種樣品的Ti2p譜圖；（e）NBV/MXene的V2p譜圖；（f）NSV/MXene的V2p譜圖

Figure 5. XPS full survey scan spectra: (a) XPS full survey scan spectra for all samples; (b-d) deconvolution of Ti2p peaks of three samples; deconvolution of V2p peaks of NBV/MXene (e) and NSV/MXene (f)

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圖 6 循環伏安曲線。（a）MXene和純V₂O₅電極材料在20 mV·s^?1時；（b）NBV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄；（c）NSV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄；（d）NBV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃；（e）NSV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃；（f）NBV/MXene和NSV/MXene在20 mV·s^?1時

Figure 6. CV curves: (a) MXene and pure V₂O₅ at 20 mV·s^?1; (b) NBV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄; (c) NSV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄; (d) NBV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃; (e) NSV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃; (f) NBV/MXene and NSV/MXene at 20 mV·s^?1

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圖 7 不同掃速下的lgi和lgv線性擬合圖。（a）NBV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄；（b）NSV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄；（c）NBV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃；（d）NSV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃

Figure 7. lgi vs lgv linear fit at different scan rates: (a) NBV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄; (b) NSV/MXene 1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄; (c) NBV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃; (d) NSV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃

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圖 8 掃速為50 mV·s^?1的不同試樣的贗電容貢獻率。（a）NBV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄；（b）NSV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄；（c）NBV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃；（d）NSV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃

Figure 8. Pseudocapacitance contribution rate of samples at 50 mV·s^?1: (a) NBV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄; (b) NSV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄; (c) NBV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃; (d) NSV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃

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圖 9 （a）MXene和純V₂O₅電極材料在1 A·g^?1時分別在兩種電解液中的恒流充放電曲線對比圖；（b）NBV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄，（c）NSV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄，（d）NBV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃和（e）NSV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃的恒流充放電曲線；（f）NBV/MXene和NSV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄，NBV/MXene和NSV/MXene在1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃在1 A·g^?1的恒流充放電曲線對比圖；（g）不同樣品在不同電解液中不同電流密度電容量對比圖

Figure 9. (a) GCD curves of MXene and pure V₂O₅ at 1 A·g^?1 in different electrolytes; GCD curves for NBV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄ (b), NSV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 Na₂SO₄ (c), NBV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃ (d), and NSV/MXene in 1 mol·L^?1 LiNO₃ (e); (f) GCD curves of the electrode materials at 1 A·g^?1 in different electrolytes; (g) comparison diagram of specific capacitance for different samples at different densities in different electrolytes

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圖 10 電極材料在不同電解液中的交流阻抗圖譜。（a） MXene和純V₂O₅；（b） NBV/MXene和NSV/MXene

Figure 10. EIS spectra of the different samples in different electrolytes: (a) MXene and pure V₂O₅; (b) NBV/MXene and NSV/MXene

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