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摘要: 為探明全尾砂高濃度充填料漿的灰砂比、濃度和流速對管道阻力的影響規律，預測工業充填管道阻力，開展中試規模環管試驗。根據管壁切應力與剪切速率關系建立管道阻力預測模型，利用灰關聯法分析各因素對管道阻力的影響強弱，通過線性回歸獲取料漿流變參數。結果表明，管道阻力對料漿濃度的變化最為敏感，隨濃度增加成二次函數增長。料漿流速對管道阻力的影響僅次于濃度，層流輸送時管道阻力隨流速增加成線性增長。灰砂比對管道阻力的影響有雙重性，灰砂質量比小于1∶8時膠凝材料的黏結作用占主導并增加管道阻力，反之膠凝材料的潤滑作用占主導并降低管道阻力。環管試驗得到的料漿流變參數明顯小于流變儀測試結果且更接近工程實際，管道阻力預測模型的誤差小于10%。Abstract: The high-concentration slurry prepared from full tailings used for mine backfilling can effectively eliminate the disasters caused by underground voids and tailing ponds. Using pipelines to transport filling slurry is the most efficient way, and the pipe resistance is one of the most important parameters. Presently, the loop test method for studying the pipe transportation parameters of filling slurry is closest to engineering reality. To determine the influence of the cement-sand ratio, concentration, and flow velocity of the high-concentration filling slurry prepared from full tailings on the pipe resistance and predict the resistance of industrial filling pipelines, pilot-scale loop tests were performed. A pipe resistance prediction model was established based on the relationship between the shear stress and the shear rate at the pipe wall. The gray correlation method was used to analyze the influence of various factors on the pipe resistance, and the rheological parameters of filling slurry were obtained by linear regression. The results show that the pipe resistance is most sensitive to the mass concentration of filling slurry and increases quadratically. The flow velocity of filling slurry has the second-greatest effect on pipe resistance, and the resistance increases linearly with flow velocity in laminar flow. The cement-sand ratio of filling slurry has a dual effect on the pipe resistance. When the cement-sand ratio is less than 1∶8, the cohesion effect of the cementing material is dominant and increases the pipe resistance. On the contrary, the lubrication effect of the cementing material is dominant and reduces the pipe resistance. The rheological parameters of filling slurry obtained by the loop test are much smaller than those obtained by the rheometer, and the loop test method is more reliable. The error of the pipe resistance prediction model is within 10%.
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Key words:
- full tailings /
- high-concentration filling /
- loop test /
- pipe resistance /
- rheological parameters
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圖 2 環管試驗系統. （a）環管系統簡圖；（b）料漿制備及泵送設備
Figure 2. Loop test system: (a) schematic of the loop system; (b) mixing and pumping equipments
圖 4 料漿灰砂比對管道阻力的影響
Figure 4. Influence of cement-sand ratio of slurry on pipe resistance
表 1 關聯度計算結果
Table 1. Calculation results of correlation degree
Group, k ${\xi _1}(k)$ ${\xi _{\rm{2}}}(k)$ ${\xi _{\rm{3}}}(k)$ Group, k ${\xi _1}(k)$ ${\xi _{\rm{2}}}(k)$ ${\xi _{\rm{3}}}(k)$ Group, k ${\xi _1}(k)$ ${\xi _{\rm{2}}}(k)$ ${\xi _{\rm{3}}}(k)$ 1 0.4506 0.4506 0.663 17 0.4509 0.7849 0.3875 33 0.4612 0.5828 0.4651 2 0.4694 0.4694 0.8894 18 0.4288 0.8622 0.4773 34 0.4430 0.6147 0.6240 3 0.4884 0.4884 0.8134 19 0.4164 0.9174 0.5909 35 0.4286 0.6449 0.8168 4 0.5105 0.5105 0.6062 20 0.3793 0.8734 0.8088 36 0.3982 0.7284 0.7870 5 0.3972 0.5239 0.7093 21 0.8024 0.6219 0.6431 37 0.5932 0.567 0.6063 6 0.4086 0.5438 0.9225 22 0.7490 0.6583 0.9257 38 0.5635 0.5971 0.8785 7 0.4228 0.5694 0.6783 23 0.6961 0.7055 0.7971 39 0.5403 0.6256 0.8064 8 0.4455 0.6113 0.4935 24 0.6395 0.7749 0.5445 40 0.5089 0.6738 0.545 9 0.3443 0.6871 0.9522 25 0.8963 0.6394 0.8783 41 0.759 0.6101 0.8276 10 0.3543 0.7284 0.653 26 0.9620 0.6721 0.7413 42 0.7143 0.6425 0.7746 11 0.3600 0.7527 0.4965 27 0.9706 0.7052 0.5768 43 0.6803 0.6726 0.6100 12 0.3650 0.7749 0.3828 28 0.8594 0.7784 0.4365 44 0.6389 0.7187 0.4438 13 0.3333 1.0000 0.8209 29 0.8088 0.9552 0.9485 45 0.8678 0.9264 0.9755 14 0.3398 0.9459 0.5738 30 0.8573 0.9776 0.6613 46 0.8355 0.9661 0.6860 15 0.3512 0.8678 0.4716 31 0.8963 0.9314 0.5372 47 0.7895 0.9664 0.4940 16 0.3543 0.8491 0.3736 32 0.9530 0.8072 0.4095 48 0.7241 0.8703 0.3818 
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表 2 充填料漿流變參數
Table 2. Rheological parameters of the filling slurry
Cement-sand ratio Mass fraction / % Loop test method Rheometer method Yield stress / Pa Viscosity coefficient / (Pa·s) Yield stress / Pa Viscosity coefficient / (Pa·s) 1∶4 75.8 14.35 0.10 31.42 0.25 73.7 9.34 0.09 26.11 0.22 70.8 4.53 0.05 16.49 0.16 68.9 0.68 0.04 14.39 0.09 1∶10 75.3 30.68 0.13 45.02 0.30 73.1 10.73 0.10 31.21 0.22 71.7 3.62 0.09 21.22 0.18 69.5 0.91 0.08 18.51 0.15 1∶15 75.4 23.17 0.11 36.39 0.28 73.9 14.31 0.09 26.70 0.26 72.2 6.48 0.08 19.13 0.21 69.7 3.76 0.07 14.36 0.19
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中文字幕在线观看表 3 管道阻力預測值與實測值對比
Table 3. Comparison of predicted and measured pipe resistance
Cement–
sand ratioMass fraction/% Flow velocity/
(m·s?1)Measured pipe resistance/
(kPa·m–1)Predicted
pipe resistance/
(kPa·m?1)Error/
%Cement?
sand ratioMass fraction/% Flow velocity/
(m·s?1)Measured pipe resistance/
(kPa·m?1)Predicted pipe resistance/
(kPa·m?1)Error/% 1∶4 75.8 1.45 1.74 1.72 ?1.1 1∶10 73.1 1.88 1.77 1.85 4.5 1.71 1.88 1.85 ?1.6 2.27 1.97 2.06 4.6 1.95 2.01 1.98 ?1.5 71.7 1.36 0.90 0.81 ?10.0 2.23 2.15 2.13 ?0.9 1.67 1.02 0.95 ?6.9 73.7 1.34 1.27 1.32 3.9 1.92 1.13 1.07 ?5.4 1.65 1.38 1.46 5.8 2.30 1.34 1.25 ?6.8 1.91 1.51 1.59 5.3 1∶15 75.4 1.31 2.35 2.33 ?0.9 2.28 1.70 1.76 3.5 1.66 2.49 2.53 1.6 70.8 1.38 0.66 0.65 ?1.5 1.91 2.61 2.68 2.7 1.69 0.79 0.74 ?6.3 2.28 2.89 2.89 0.0 1.98 0.86 0.81 ?5.8 73.9 1.32 1.59 1.65 3.8 2.33 0.92 0.90 ?2.2 1.65 1.73 1.80 4.0 1∶10 75.3 1.30 3.00 2.91 ?3.0 1.90 1.85 1.92 3.8 1.63 3.18 3.14 ?1.3 2.29 2.03 2.11 3.9 1.89 3.29 3.32 0.9 72.2 1.36 1.01 0.98 ?3.0 2.27 3.66 3.58 ?2.2 1.68 1.14 1.12 ?1.8 73.1 1.33 1.47 1.56 6.1 1.91 1.25 1.21 ?3.2 1.64 1.61 1.73 7.5 2.30 1.40 1.38 ?1.4
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