爆破振動影響下人體舒適度振動臺試驗及其評價體系構建

張繼奎; 蔣楠; 周傳波; 朱斌; 蔡忠偉; 周文斌

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.04.20.001

爆破振動影響下人體舒適度振動臺試驗及其評價體系構建

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.04.20.001

1.
中國地質大學（武漢）工程學院，武漢 430074
2.
中國水利電力對外有限公司，北京 100120
3.
武漢地鐵集團有限公司，武漢 430070

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目（41807265,41972286,42072309）；爆破工程湖北省重點實驗室開放基金資助項目（HKLBEF202001,HKLBEF202002）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: jiangnan@cug.edu.cn

中圖分類號: X827
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- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-20
- 網絡出版日期: 2022-07-01
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-01

Vibrating table test of human comfort under blasting vibration and its evaluation system construction

1.
Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
China International Water and Electric Corp, Beijing 100120, China
3.
Wuhan Metro Group Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: jiangnan@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 針對現有爆破振動影響下人體舒適度評價體系中人體主觀感受的不確定性，通過振動臺模擬爆破振動開展人體振動反應試驗，結合人體心電指標，分析爆破振動參數、心電指標以及人體主觀感受的量化關系，構建爆破振動影響下人體舒適度評價體系。研究結果表明：豎直方向是影響人體舒適度的主要振動方向，且振動對人體的影響與人體主要震感部位有關，主要震感部位從腳部到頭部上移時，影響也逐漸增大；隨著振動頻率和速度的增加，人體心電指標相鄰RR間期之差的均方根（RMSSD）在豎直方向振動下呈現出先減小后增大的趨勢，在水平方向振動下則一直減小，但減小的幅度有限；RMSSD的下降比例與爆破振動參數以及人體主觀感受之間存在定量關系，利用三者之間的定量對應關系可實現爆破振動影響下的人體舒適度定量評價；爆破施工時，可將0.7 cm·s^?1的地表豎直方向振動速度和80 Hz的振動頻率作為鄰近人群密集區域爆破工程的控制閾值。
- 爆破振動 /
- 振動臺試驗 /
- 心電指標 /
- 人體舒適度 /
- 定量評價
Abstract: Blasting is widely used in national infrastructure construction as a paramount means of excavating hard rock and soil bodies. Blasting operations frequently occur in densely populated areas, endangering human physical and mental health. To reasonably evaluate the impact of blasting disturbance on personnel in adjacent areas and ensure the safety of the physical and mental health of personnel, constructing a human comfort evaluation system under the influence of blasting vibration is essential. Because of the uncertainty of human subjective feelings in the existing human comfort evaluation system under the influence of blasting vibration, the human vibration response test was performed by simulating blasting vibration using a vibrating table. Subjective sensations and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes were collected from 16 volunteers under the influence of blast vibration in different directions and at different levels. Subjective human sensations were quantified using the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) of adjacent RR interval values, a time-domain indicator of heart rate variability. The quantitative relationships among blasting vibration parameters, ECG index, and human subjective feelings were analyzed. A human comfort evaluation system under the influence of blasting vibration was constructed. The results show that the vertical direction is the main vibration direction affecting human comfort, and the influence of vibration on the human body is related to the main vibration-sensitive parts of the human body. When the main vibration-sensitive parts move up from the foot to the head, the influence is gradually increased. There is a link between the ST segment in the human ECG and human comfort. When the human body is subjected to vertical vibration, there is a drop in the ST segment in human ECG and human comfort is reduced, whereas there is no significant change under horizontal vibration. With an increase in vibration frequency and velocity, the human ECG index RMSSD shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing under the vertical vibration; meanwhile, it decreased under the horizontal vibration, but the decreasing amplitude is limited. There is a quantitative relationship between the decline ratio of RMSSD and blasting vibration parameters and human subjective feelings. The quantitative relationships among blasting vibration parameters, ECG index, and human subjective feelings can realize the quantitative evaluation of human comfort under the influence of blasting vibration. In the blasting construction, a vibration velocity of 0.7 cm·s^?1 and a vibration frequency of 80 Hz in the vertical direction of the surface can be used as the control threshold of blasting engineering in the adjacent densely populated area.
- blasting vibration /
- vibrating table test /
- ECG indicators /
- human comfort /
- quantitative evaluation.

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圖 1 試驗過程. (a)試驗準備;(b)振動測試;(c)測試結果統計與分析

Figure 1. Experimental process: (a)equipment preparation;(b)vibration test;(c)statistics and analysis of test results

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圖 2 不同工況下試驗人員的煩惱程度及占比

Figure 2. Annoyance degree and proportion of test personnel under different test conditions

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圖 3 心電圖組成

Figure 3. Composition of ECG

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圖 4 試驗過程人體心電變化

Figure 4. Human ECG changes during the test

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圖 5 不同振動方向上RMSSD的變化規律.(a)豎直方向；(b)水平方向

Figure 5. Variation of RMSSD in different vibration directions: (a) vertical direction; (b) horizontal direction

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圖 6 不同振動方向上RMSSD的平均下降比例

Figure 6. Average decline ratio of RMSSD in different vibration directions

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表 1 人群密集區域地表爆破振動水平的調查結果

Table 1. Survey results of surface blasting vibration level in densely populated areas

Vibration parameters	Surface vibration levels in densely populated areas
Vibration velocity /(cm·s^?1)	>0.08
Vibration frequency /Hz	1–120

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表 2 試驗工況

Table 2. Test conditions

Vibration direction	Test conditions	Vibration velocity/(cm·s^?1)	Vibration frequency/Hz
Vertical direction (z)	1	0.05	2
	2	0.10	4
	3	0.50	8
	4	0.70	20
	5	1.00	60
	6	2.50	80
	7	3.50	100
	8	4.50	120
Horizontal direction (y)	9	0.05	2
	10	0.10	4
	11	0.50	8
	12	0.70	20
	13	1.00	60
	14	2.50	80
	15	3.50	100
	16	4.50	120

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表 3 試驗人員身體參數

Table 3. Body parameters of test personnel

Number	Gender	Height/cm	Weight/kg	BMI/(g·cm^?2)
1	Male	170	80	2.77
2	Male	171	62	2.12
3	Male	172	92	3.11
4	Male	175	65	2.12
5	Male	166	65	2.36
6	Male	178	62	1.96
7	Male	178	70	2.21
8	Male	165	53	1.95
9	Female	162	58	2.21
10	Male	169	71	2.49
11	Male	165	70	2.57
12	Female	163	46	1.73
13	Male	178	72	2.27
14	Male	175	78	2.55
15	Male	170	55	1.90
16	Male	170	65	2.25

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表 4 試驗人員主觀感受

Table 4. Subjective feelings of test personnel

N	The main vibration sensation parts and subjective feelings
	Test conditions
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
1	BF	F	L	W; CD	C; DC	H; DY	L; NS	F; NS	F	F	F	L	L	L	L	L
2	BF	L	W; NT	W; NT	C; CD	H; DY; NT	L; NS	F; NS	F	F	F	L	L	L	L	L
3	BF	F	F	L	C; DC	H; DY	L; DY	F; CD	F	F	F	L	L	L	L	L
4	F	L	W	C; DC	S; DY	H; NT; BV	S; DY	F; NS	F	F	F	L	L	L	L; PC	L; PC
5	F	L	W; CD	W; DC	S; NS	H; NT; BV	S; NS	L; NS	F	F	F	L	L	L	L	L; NS
6	F	L; NS	W; NS	C; CD	C; DC	H; DY	F; DC	F; NS	F	F	F	L	L	L	L	L
7	BF	L	L	W	C; CD	H; DY	L; CD	F; NS	F	F	F	L	L	L	L	L
8	F	L; CD	W; NS	W; PC	S; DY	H; DY; BV	C; DY	L; CD	F	F	F	L	L	L	L	L
9	F	L; CD	W; NS	W; PC	H; DY	H; DY; BV	S; DY	L; CD	F	F	F	L	L	L	L; NS	L; NS
10	F	L	C; DC	S; NS	H; DY	H; NT; BV	H; DY	F; PC	F	F	F	L	L	L	L	L
11	F	W	S	H; BV	H; DY	H; NT; NS	S; DY	C; NS	F	F	F	L	L	L	L; NS	L; PC
12	F	L	W; CD	S; NS	C; DC	H; DY	L; NS	F; NS	F	F	F	L	L	L	L	L
13	BF	L	W	S	H; NS	H; NS	L; CD	F; NS	F	F	F	L	L	L	L	L
14	F	L	S	H; NS	H; DY	H; DY; BV	L; NS	F; NS	F	F	F	L	L	L	L	L; NS
15	F	F	L	W	C; DC	H; DY; TS	L; TS	F; NS	F	F	F	L	L	L	L	L
16	BF	F	L	C	S	H; NS	L; CD	F; NS	F	F	F	L	L	L	L	L

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表 5 試驗人員各工況下相比靜息狀態RMSSD的平均下降比例

Table 5. Average decreased ratio of RMSSD under different testing conditions compared with that under resting state

Test conditions	Vibration velocity/(cm·s^?1)	Vibration frequency/Hz	Average drop ratio of RMSSD/%
1	0.05	2	6
2	0.10	4	15
3	0.50	8	17
4	0.70	20	28
5	1.00	60	34
6	2.50	80	43
7	3.50	100	38
8	4.50	120	30
9	0.05	2	2
10	0.10	4	5
11	0.50	8	7
12	0.70	20	10
13	1.00	60	12
14	2.50	80	15
15	3.50	100	17
16	4.50	120	21

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表 6 RMSSD下降比例與人體舒適度的關系

Table 6. Relationship between RMSSD decline ratio and human comfort

Degree of annoyance	Average drop ratio of RMSSD
Not annoyed	<0.17
Slightly annoyed	0.17–0.28
General annoyed	0.28–0.34
Highly annoyed	>0.34

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表 7 地表振動水平與人體舒適度的關系

Table 7. Relationship between the surface vibration level and human comfort

Vibration directions	Vibration frequency/Hz	Vibration velocity/(cm·s^?1)	Degree of annoyance
Vertical direction	≤80	<0.50	Not annoyed
		0.50–0.70	Slightly annoyed
		0.70–1.00	General annoyed
		1.00–2.50	Highly annoyed
	100	2.50–3.50	Highly annoyed
	120	3.50–4.50	Slightly annoyed
Horizontal direction	≤80	<2.50	Not annoyed
	100	2.50–3.50	Not annoyed
	120	3.50–4.50	Slightly annoyed

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