微納層疊復合材料力學性能的增強機理

黎幫高; 陳商濤; 石行波; 曹文斌; 魯啟鵬; 杜斌

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.05.24.003

微納層疊復合材料力學性能的增強機理

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.05.24.003

黎幫高^{1, 2,},
陳商濤¹,
石行波¹,
曹文斌²,
魯啟鵬²,
杜斌^1, ,

1.
中國石油天然氣股份有限公司石油化工研究院，北京 102206
2.
北京科技大學材料科學與工程學院，北京 100083

基金項目: 中央高校基本科研業務費資助項目（06500113，FRF-IDRY-20-008）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: dubin010@petrochina.com.cn

中圖分類號: TB33
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- 文章訪問數: 568
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- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-24
- 網絡出版日期: 2022-07-18
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-01

Strengthening mechanism of the mechanical properties of micro/nano-laminated composites

1.
PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China
2.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: dubin010@petrochina.com.cn

摘要

摘要: 微納層疊技術是層層組裝（LbL）技術中的一種，能夠將兩種或多種不同的聚合物組合生成具有交替層狀結構的復合材料。與浸涂、旋涂和噴涂等傳統組裝方法相比，該技術是一種不含溶劑的熔體連續加工技術，具有經濟環保的優點。本文簡要總結了微納層疊技術的研究現狀，概述了微納層疊技術的原理與工藝，重點介紹了多層交替復合材料力學性能的增強機理，包括層界面相互作用、層界面誘導結晶、調控聚合物相形態、調控無機粒子的分散取向和原位成纖，并對該技術的未來研究方向進行展望。
- 微納層疊技術 /
- 復合材料 /
- 力學性能 /
- 多層交替結構 /
- 增強機理
Abstract: Offering the advantages of easy preparation and low cost, polymer systems account for many of the high-performance materials used in industry. With the widespread application of polymer materials, higher requirements for the properties of polymer products have been proposed. Recently, polymer-based functional composites have been a worldwide research focus, and the structure of the composites directly affects their properties. The special multilayer structure of shells and trees often brings excellent performance or special functions. Discussing the strength and toughness mechanism of natural materials helps guide new functional composite preparation. In recent decades, a novel micro/nano-lamination technology has attracted the interest of academia and industry. Micro/nano-lamination technology is a layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) technology, which can combine two or more types of polymers into tens of thousands of layers alternately arranged, and each microlayer thickness can reach nanometer level to form composite materials with an alternating layered structure. Compared with solution LbL assembly methods, such as dip coating, spin coating, and spray coating, it is a continuous melt processing technique that involves no solvent, which has the advantages of flexibility, versatility, economy, and eco-friendliness. Compared with the composites prepared by blending melt extrusion or with fewer layers, the shape memory properties, electrical properties, barrier properties, and mechanical properties of composites prepared by micro/nano-lamination technology are considerably improved. As an application of biomimetic materials in the polymer research field, multilayer alternating composites prepared using micro/nano-lamination have a special multilayer structure, rich layer interface, and micro/nano-scale layer confined space. The multilayer composites prepared by micro/nano-lamination have an important positive synergistic effect on mechanical properties, and the unique multilayer structure can adjust stress distribution, stress transfer, and microcrack propagation. In this paper, according to the research status of micro/nano-lamination, the principle and process of micro/nano-lamination are briefly introduced. The mechanical property enhancement mechanism of multilayer alternating composites is reviewed, including interlayer interface interaction, layer interface-induced crystallization, regulation of polymer phase morphology, regulation of the dispersion orientation of inorganic particles, and in situ fiber formation. Micro/nano-lamination technology can coordinate the properties of different materials, integrate the excellent properties of many types of polymer materials, and make composite materials with good comprehensive properties. This model of high-performance functional materials has a broad market application prospect.
- micro/nano-lamination /
- composite materials /
- mechanical properties /
- multilayer alternating structure /
- strengthening mechanism

HTML全文

圖 1 (a)雙組份體系微納層疊擠出技術示意圖；(b)熔體流通過分裂、擴散和堆疊的層倍增原理圖^[7]

Figure 1. (a) Schematic of the micro/nano-laminated extrusion of a two-component system; (b) schematic of the layer multiplication of melt flow-through splitting, diffusion, and stacking^[7]

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圖 2 薄膜斷面形貌. (a) PLA/PCL共混薄膜；(b) PLA/PCL共擠薄膜^[16]

Figure 2. Cross-sectional SEM of films: (a) PLA/PCL blend film; (b) PLA/PCL co-extruded film^[16]

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圖 3 不同層數PP/β-PP復合材料的偏光照片^[21]

Figure 3. Polarization photos of PP/β-PP composites with different layers^[21]

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圖 4 PET質量分數為15%的PP/PET復合材料不同階段的SEM圖. (a)紡粘; (b) 多層共擠后^[24]

Figure 4. SEM images of PP/PET composites with mass fraction of 15% PET: (a) spunbonded; (b) multilayer coextruded^[24]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 5 不同層數聚乳酸的SEM圖像. (a) PLA-0; (b) PLA-5; (c) PLA-9 ^[25]

Figure 5. SEM images of PLA with different layers: (a) PLA-0; (b) PLA-5; (c) PLA-9^[25]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 6 不同納米SiO₂質量分數的PMMA/納米SiO₂多層復合膜的SEM圖. (a) 0.5%; (b) 1.5%; (c) 3.5%; (d) 5%^[28]

Figure 6. SEM images of PMMA/ nano-SiO₂ multilayer films with different nano-SiO₂ mass fractions: (a) 0.5%; (b) 1.5%; (c) 3.5%; (d) 5%^[28]

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圖 7 CNTs不同質量分數下PP/PA6/CNTs原位微纖復合材料的SEM圖. (a) 0.05%; (b) 0.25%^[32]

Figure 7. SEM images of PP/PA6/CNTs in-situ microfiber composites with different CNTs mass fraction: (a) 0.05%; (b) 0.25%^[32]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

表 1 微納層疊復合材料應用

Table 1. Application of micro/nano-lamination composites

Composition	Number of layers	Single layer thickness/μm	Total thickness/mm	Typical performance	Application direction	Ref.
IIR/EP	8–16	250	2–5	Damp	Rail transit, ships, household appliances	[37]
PC/PMMA	64–256	4–16	—	Toughness, hardness, rigidity	Mobile phone back panel, touch display panel	[38]
PVDF/PMMA	32	20–70	1.5	Scratch resistance	Protective film, sewage pretreatment	[39]
PCL/PVA	33	—	1.0	Barrier, tensile	Food fresh-keeping film	[40]
PP/POE	64	—	1.8	Stretching, shock	Polypropylene substrate, sheet and membrane materials	[41]

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